Early designs
- 1899: Ferdinand Porsche, then a young engineer at Jacob Lohner & Co. creates the first gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles.[1]
- 1900: Carmaker Pieper of Belgium introduced a vehicle with an under-seat electric motor and a gasoline engine. It used the electric motor to charge its batteries at cruise speed and used both motors to accelerate or climb a hill. Auto-Mixte, also of Belgium, built vehicles from 1906 to 1912 under the Pieper patents.[2]
- 1901: Jacob Lohner & Co. produces the first Lohner Porsche, a series of gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles based on employee Ferdinand Porsche's novel drivetrain.[3] These vehicles had a driveline that was either gas or electric, but not both at the same time.
- 1907: AL (French car)
- 1917: Wood's Dual Power Car had a driveline similar to the current GMC/Chevrolet Silverado hybrid pickup truck.
1960s
1970s
1980s
- 1986 The Twike HEHV designed by a group of Swiss students debuted at the World expo in Vancouver, Canada. It remains in limited production and available in the USA (source: Neiman Marcus® Christmas Book 2007, page 89).
- 1986 The Goldwing engine-based Gaselle hybrid gas/electric prototype built by Sarabjit Gandhi drove 8050 km in 16 days as part of the World Energy Autocross.
- 1989 Audi 100 Duo aka or Audi 100 Avant Duo experimental vehicle, a plug-in parallel hybrid based on the Audi 100 Avant quattro. No more than 10 were produced.
1990s
- 1991 Audi 100 Duo second generation, now with four-wheel-drive.
- 1996 AC Propulsion tzero (primarily electric vehicle; 80 mile PbA, 300 mile Li-ion(2003) EV-mode)
- 1996 General Motors EV1
- 1997 Toyota Prius (first commercially mass-produced and marketed hybrid automobile) (Japanese market only)
- 1997 Audi A4 Duo (Audi became the first manufacturer in Europe to mass produce a hybrid vehicle. Their hybrid vehicle is powered by a 66 kW 1.9-litre TDI-Engine and a 21 kW electric motor)
- 1999 Honda Insight 2000 model
2000s
- 2000 Toyota Estima hybrid (Japanese market only)
- 2000 Toyota Prius US market
- 2002? Mazda Demio e-4WD (Japanese market only, used for traction assistance)
- 2002 Dyna Diesel Hybrid (Japan only, Diesel Hybrid)
- 2002 Honda Civic Hybrid 2003 model
2003
- Renault Kangoo (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle)
- Suzuki Twin
- Toyota Alphard Hybrid
- Toyota Prius (5 seat midsize) 2004 model year, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive
2004
- Honda Accord Hybrid 2005 model
- Ford Escape Hybrid 2005 model (released in late summer 2004)
2005
- Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid 2006 model, Mild hybrid
- Honda Civic Hybrid 2006 model, second generation
- Lexus RX 400h 2006 model year, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive
- Mercury Mariner hybrid
- Toyota Kluger/Highlander Hybrid 2006 model
2006
- Lexus GS 450h 2007 model, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive
- Saturn VUE Green Line 2007 model, Mild hybrid
- Toyota Camry Hybrid 2007 model, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive
- Toyota Estima/Previa hybrid minivan, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive (Japanese market only)
2007
- Nissan Altima Hybrid (limited sales)
- Saturn Aura Green Line Hybrid (BAS) 2008 model, Mild hybrid
- Lexus LS600hL 2008 model Luxury car, went on sale in June
- Toyota Kluger/Highlander Hybrid 2008 model, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive, will go on sale October 2007[4]
- Honda CR-Z Hybrid sports car.
- BMW 1 Series small family car, first in the world with standard mild hybrid technology, Auto Start Stop function, Brake Energy Regeneration, electric power steering, electric water pump[5][6]
- Mazda Tribute hybrid, 2008 model, expected to go on sale July 2007
- Chevrolet Tahoe (AHS II) (SUV, RWD/AWD) 2008 model, expected to go on sale Fall 2007
- GMC Yukon Hybrid (AHS II) (SUV, RWD/AWD) 2008 model, expected to go on sale Fall 2007
- Dodge Durango (AHS II) (SUV) 2008 model, expected to go on sale Fall 2007
Planned
This section is sorted by expected sale date.
2008
- Aptera Motors Typ-1h (three-wheeled, two seat)
- Audi Q7 2009 model
- Cadillac Escalade (AHS II) 2009 model
- Chevrolet Equinox (SUV)
- Chevrolet Malibu (midsize car) 2009 model, Mild hybrid
- Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid (AHS II) (fullsize pickup) 2009 model
- Ford Fusion Hybrid (midsize car) 2009 model
- Gaia Transport The Pod One plug-in hybrid sports car
- GMC Sierra Hybrid (AHS II) (fullsize pickup) 2009 model
- Mercury Milan Hybrid (midsize car)
- Roewe 750 (midsize car)First Chinese hybrid car
- Saturn VUE Green Line (AHS II) (SUV, FWD) 2009 model, 45% improvement over non-hybrid version according to GM[7]
- Saturn AURA Green Line Mild hybrid (midsize car) 2008 model
- Toyota Sienna (minivan) 2009 model
- Toyota Prius (5 seat midsize) 2009 model year, third generation Hybrid Synergy Drive (weight and cost reduced by 50%)
- VentureOne Three wheeled vehicle
- Volvo C30 2009 model, diesel electric hybrid
2009
- Green Auto Sol, Unnamed next-generation compact hybrid, priced lower than all other hybrids[8]
- Honda Unnamed next-generation compact hybrid, all-new, priced lower than Honda Civic Hybrid[9][10]
- Lexus RX400h 2010 model refresh
- Mercedes-Benz S-Class Mild hybrid[11][12]
- Porsche Cayenne[13]
- Saturn VUE Green Line (AHS II) (SUV, FWD, 2010 model, PLUG-IN capable, Lithium-Ion batteries)
- Volkswagen Touareg Hybrid
- Toyota FT-HS Sports Hybrid[14]
- Fisker Karma
2010
- Chevrolet Volt production version [15]
- Nissan's original hybrid vehicle is targeted for launch in 2010.[16]
- PSA Peugeot Citroën will market hybrid HDi vehicles from 2010.[17]
2011
- Toyota Camry Hybrid 2012 model, third generation Hybrid Synergy Drive[18]
- Land Rover Range Rover Hybrid concept, diesel-electric engine (under development) in conjunction with new aluminum body
Buses
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
1991
- Hino Blue Ribbon HIMR
1993
- Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star MBECS, first generation
1995
- Nissan Diesel UA ERIP
1996
- Isuzu Cubic CHASSE
1998
- New Flyer H40LF (diesel-electric hybrid bus), 'H' later changed to 'DE'
1999
- Orion VI Hybrid
2002
- Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star Nonstep HEV bus, second generation
- Nova Bus RTS HEV bus (4 units built)
- MCI D4000 HEV (4 units built)
2003
- Orion Bus Industries Orion VII hybrid bus[19]
2004
- New Flyer GE40LF (gasoline-electric hybrid bus)
- Hino S'elega R Hybrid
2006
- IC Corporation Hybrid School Bus
- Nova Bus LFS HEV
- Wrightbus Pulsar Gemini HEV
Trucks
- 1993 Hino Model Unknown, medium duty, for sale in Japan only. First generation
- 2003 Hino Ranger Hybrid, light duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generation
- 2004 Hino Dutro/Toyota Dyna Hybrid, light duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generation
- 2006 Canter Eco Hybrid made by Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corporation, for sale in Japan only.
- 2007 Hino Hybrid 6500 Medium, light duty, available in Australia. [1]
- 2006 International FTTS
- 2007 E-ONE [2] Hybrid Command Center
Unknown date
In production
- Gillig Hybrid (diesel-electric hybrid buses)
- North American Bus Industries 60-BRT Hybrid
- Orion VII Hybrid
- Toyota Sienna
- Whispering Wheel Buss
- Aptera hybrid car Prototype created
- Peugeot 307 CC Hybride HDi.
- Toyota Crown (Japan only, Mild hybrid)
Planned
- BMW Hydrogen 7
- Daihatsu Hijet Cargo Hybrid a commercial microvan (659 cc) (in Japan, not yet in production)
- Honda hybrid, 2009 brand new model priced less than Civic Hybrid
- Hyundai Accent Unknown date of production
- Kia Rio Originally for 2007, now delayed along with Hyundai Accent hybrid (concept model was shown at the 2007 Geneva Auto Show)
- Lexus LF-S 2009
- Opel Astra Diesel Hybrid. [3].
- Porsche Panamera
- Proton Gen-2 EVE Hybrid (concept model was shown at the 2007 Geneva Auto Show)
- Saab planning hybrid based on GM system[20]
- Toyota Corolla
No comments:
Post a Comment